Global Settlement: Patterns and Sustainability: Unit Review

300 people per km². 15 000 ÷ 50 = 300.

Clusters: any two of East Asia, South Asia, Europe, eastern North America. Sparse: for example the Sahara, Antarctica, the Arctic, the Himalayas, the Amazon interior.

Distribution: it describes where people live.

Linear.

Each family lives on its own large farm on a square survey grid, giving a scattered pattern.

At least 1 000 people and at least 400 people per km².

Any three of: water, landforms, climate, soil, vegetation, natural resources, natural hazards.

Situation: it describes Ottawa's location compared with its surroundings.

It can bust: many people move away, as in Uranium City, Saskatchewan, after its main mine closed in the early 1980s. Diversifying the economy helps prevent this.

In a desert with little rain, the Nile provides water for drinking and irrigation, and its floods left fertile silt, so farming and settlement are possible mainly along the river and delta.

Roughly three-quarters of Japan is mountains and hills, so people crowd onto the small coastal plains.

To keep the building's heat from thawing the permafrost underneath.

About 30% in 1950 and about 55% in 2018.

Push: for example fewer farm jobs, drought. Pull: for example jobs, schools, health care.

Sprawl is low-density growth at a city's edges onto farmland and natural areas. Intensification builds more homes on land already developed, such as apartments near transit, so the city spreads out less.

For example: Dutch polders, Kobe's Port Island, Hong Kong's airport, Toronto's waterfront or the Leslie Street Spit.

Factory: industrial. Hospital: institutional.

Any three of: municipal, provincial or federal governments, conservation authorities, First Nations governments and Indigenous organizations, residents, environmental groups and NGOs, developers, farmers.

After strong opposition and critical reports, it reversed its decision and returned the lands to the Greenbelt.

Pavement is impermeable, so rain runs off quickly into drains and streams instead of soaking in.

Extra nutrients, such as fertilizer runoff, in Lake Erie.

Any two of: habitat loss, roads cutting migration routes, bird–window collisions, light pollution, polluted water.

Melting glaciers and ice sheets, and ocean water expanding as it warms.

Many floodplain homes were not rebuilt; the land became parks, and conservation authorities began regulating floodplain building.

Protect.

Gently used water from showers, baths, sinks and laundry (not toilets) that can be reused.

24 L. 60 ÷ 5 = 12 L per minute; 12 × 2 = 24 L.

Any two of: public transit and bike lanes, Green Bin composting, green roofs, Deep Lake Water Cooling, tree planting, protecting farmland, rain gardens, renewable energy.

Any four of: energy-efficient or net-zero buildings, renewable energy, comprehensive transit, bike lanes, complete/mixed-use design, green canopy, native-species parks, community or rooftop gardens, water and waste recycling, affordable and accessible homes.

Any three of: cost, population growth, urbanization, dependence on fossil fuels, car-based design, cold climate, habits, affordability.

Council: costs, benefits, evidence, maps and a recommendation. Grade 3: pictures or a model and simple words.

Areas are different sizes; rates such as people per km² let you compare fairly.

Under 10. 2 000 ÷ 400 = 5 people per km².

They overlap: 100 fits in both.

Any one: one shade per area hides variation inside; large areas dominate; boundaries are political; class breaks change the message.

For example: "How could our town grow over the next 20 years in a way that protects farmland and water?" (Open, focused and researchable.)

Where an issue starts and stops and who is affected, often beyond the site itself (for example, downstream).

To avoid bias, see all sides of the issue, and check that evidence agrees across sources.