Grade by Grade
A. Literacy Connections and Applications / C. Comprehension: Understanding and Responding to Texts · Understanding and Responding to Texts

Perspectives, Bias and Inclusion: In Texts and in Your Feed

C3.5 C3.6 A1.1 A2.1 A2.2 A2.3 A2.7About 55 minutes
Learning goals
  • I can analyze explicit and implicit perspectives in a text, evaluate evidence of bias and suggest ways to avoid bias.
  • I can analyze how a text addresses diversity, inclusion and accessibility, respond to its message and identify different positions.
  • I can explain how curated feeds and sponsored content shape the perspectives I see online, and act responsibly and respectfully online.

Words to know

perspective
A point of view shaped by a person's experiences, values, role and identity.
explicit perspective
A point of view the text states openly (I believe..., We think...).
implicit perspective
A point of view the text suggests through word choice, what it includes and what it leaves out.
bias
An unfair preference for or against a person, group or idea, often shown by one-sided evidence or loaded language.
loaded language
Words with strong positive or negative connotations that push readers toward a judgment.
curated feed
A stream of posts chosen for you by a platform's algorithm, based on what you and people like you click, watch and like.
filter bubble
When a feed shows you mostly views you already agree with, so you rarely see other perspectives.
sponsored content
Posts or videos that a company paid for, which should be clearly labelled (for example #ad or Paid partnership).

Remember from Grade 7

In Grade 7 you found implicit perspectives in a narrator's words, named evidence of bias (like everybody), suggested ways to avoid bias, and learned about misinformation, disinformation and curated information.

In Grade 8 you'll evaluate bias in a news-style article, analyze a text about accessibility and inclusion and the different positions around it, and look closely at how your online feed curates perspectives for you.

Hook: Whose story is it?

A headline says: Teens Take Over Mall Food Court. Another says: Mall Food Court Becomes Teens' Only Winter Hangout. Same event. Which one makes teens sound like a problem? Which makes them sound like people without anywhere else to go? Headlines carry perspectives.

Mall Cracks Down on Teen Loiterers (a community newsletter article written for this website)

After weeks of complaints, the Larkspur Bay Mall will now require anyone under 16 to be with an adult after 3 p.m. on weekdays.

"Gangs of teenagers have been loitering in the food court every afternoon, scaring off real customers," said Glen Harper, owner of Harper's Shoes. "Something had to be done."

Mall manager Rita Chen said the rule will "restore a family-friendly atmosphere." Several shoppers agreed. "It's just common sense," said one.

The rule begins Monday.

Worked example

Let's analyze perspectives and evaluate bias

Whose perspectives are in this article, explicitly and implicitly? What evidence could suggest bias?

  1. Explicit perspectives: a store owner (Something had to be done), the mall manager (family-friendly), and shoppers who agree. All support the rule.
  2. Implicit perspective: the headline and word choice treat teens as a problem: Cracks Down, Loiterers. The article seems to take the mall's side.
  3. Loaded language: gangs of teenagers (suggests danger or crime), loitering (suggests they have no right to be there), real customers (implies teens who buy food aren't real customers).
  4. Missing voices: no teen is quoted. No parent who works until 5 p.m. No one asks why teens go there (it's winter; there may be nowhere else nearby).
  5. Vague evidence: weeks of complaints (how many? from whom?), several shoppers (how chosen?). Generalization: Gangs of teenagers lumps all teens together.

The article has a pro-mall perspective with signs of bias: loaded language, one-sided sources, missing teen voices, vague evidence and generalization. That doesn't mean the mall is wrong; it means readers don't get the full picture.

How could the writer avoid bias?

  • Use neutral words: teens who spend afternoons in the food court instead of gangs of teenagers loitering.
  • Include affected voices: interview teens, parents and the youth centre, not only store owners.
  • Give specific evidence: The mall received 14 written complaints in October, mostly about noise.
  • Ask the deeper question: Where else can teens go after school in winter?
  • Use a neutral headline: Mall Introduces Adult-Supervision Rule for Under-16s After 3 p.m.

A fairer version adds: "We buy food here. We're not doing anything wrong," said Amira, 14. "The library closes at 4, and the community centre is three kilometres away."

A text about accessibility and inclusion

Quiet Hour at the Rink (a feature article written for this website)

Every Sunday from 9 to 10 a.m., the Larkspur Bay arena now holds a Quiet Hour: no music over the speakers, softer lights, no horn, and a limit of 30 skaters. The idea came from Jonah Clarke, 13, who is autistic. "Loud noise and flashing lights make my brain feel like it's on fire," he said. "I love skating. I just couldn't stand the arena."

The arena now offers a sensory-friendly hour, an idea some stores, theatres and museums also use. Skaters of all ages come: a grandmother recovering from a concussion, a family with a baby, a few teens who "just like it calm."

Not everyone is pleased. "Sunday morning was our best public skate for money," said one staff member. "Limiting it to 30 people costs us." A parent of a hockey player asked whether the hour could move so practice ice isn't lost.

Arena manager Sam Okeke says the town will review attendance in March. "Accessibility isn't a favour," he said. "It's part of the job."

Worked example

Let's analyze the message, identify positions and respond

How does the article address accessibility and inclusion? What positions are represented? Write a response.

  1. How it addresses the topic: it starts with the person most affected (Jonah) in his own words, so the reader understands the need from the inside. It shows the hour helps many people, not just one group (a grandmother after a concussion, a baby, teens who like calm), which suggests that accessibility often benefits everyone.
  2. Positions: 1) Supporters who need or enjoy the quiet hour; 2) a staff member worried about money; 3) a hockey parent worried about ice time; 4) the manager, who sees accessibility as a responsibility and plans to review it.
  3. Fairness check: unlike the mall article, this one includes opposing views and specific details (30 skaters, 9 to 10 a.m., review in March). Its implicit perspective seems supportive: it ends with the manager's strong quote.
  4. Response (sample): I agree with the Quiet Hour because, as Jonah shows, a loud arena can shut people out of something they love. The money concern is real, so the town could add a second regular skate at a less busy time. The article made me notice how many places I go are loud, and who might be missing because of it.

The article presents accessibility as a right and a shared benefit, centres the voice of the person most affected, and includes several positions. A strong response takes a position, acknowledges other views and connects to the reader's own world.

Mall articleQuiet Hour articleStore owner: for the ruleMall manager: for the ruleA shopper: for the ruleA teen: not askedA working parent: not askedJonah, 13: supports itTeens who “just like it calm”Staff member: money worryHockey parent: ice-time worryManager: will review in March3 voices, all one sideseveral positions
Whose voices are quoted? The mall article quotes three people who all support the rule, and no teens (dashed). The Quiet Hour article includes several positions.

Perspectives in your feed

Your social media or video feed is a text too, and it has perspectives built in.

  • Curated feeds: platforms use algorithms to choose what you see, based on what you click, watch, like and share. If you watch three videos against a new rule, you may soon see only that side: a filter bubble. The feed's perspective is implicit: no one tells you what's left out.
  • Sponsored content: an influencer who praises a product may have been paid. In Canada, advertising rules say influencers must clearly disclose paid partnerships (for example #ad or Paid partnership). Look for the label, and ask whether the post would be the same without the money.
  • Engagement bait: angry, shocking posts often get more clicks, so feeds may show more outrage than real life has.

What you can do: search for other perspectives on purpose; follow sources from different communities; check claims with lateral reading (open a new tab and see what other reliable sources say about the claim and the source); notice when a post makes you angry fast.

against itagainst itagainst ityour feedfor the ruleteens’ viewsexpert factsother townsrarely shownrarely shown
A filter bubble: after a few clicks on one side, the feed keeps serving that side (inside the bubble), while other perspectives (dashed, outside) rarely reach you.

Be a respectful, safe digital citizen

  • Ask permission before posting a photo or video of someone, like the neighbours filming the coyote in Lesson 8.
  • Protect privacy: don't share your school, address, location or schedule publicly.
  • Disagree respectfully: comment on ideas, not people. Use inclusive language.
  • Think about your digital identity: what you post, like and share builds a picture of you that can last for years.
  • Report harassment or hateful content and tell a trusted adult.
Just for fun

Watch one video about how to fold a fitted sheet, and your feed may decide you are now Very Into Laundry. Algorithms are confident, not always correct.

Hands-on activity

Bias detector and feed audit

You need: a local news site or newspaper (a grown-up can help), paper, a pencil; optional: a family member's feed or a video site, viewed with a grown-up.

  1. Bias detector: find a news story about young people. List: whose voices are quoted, whose are missing, and any loaded words. Rewrite the headline neutrally.
  2. Two-headline challenge: write two headlines for the same real event in your community, one with a positive perspective and one with a negative perspective. Then write a neutral one.
  3. Feed audit (with a grown-up): scroll 20 posts or video thumbnails. Tally: news, friends, ads or sponsored, entertainment. How many show different sides of an issue? Which posts were labelled as ads?
  4. Accessibility walk: walk through your home, school route or a local store and note one thing that welcomes people with disabilities and one barrier. Suggest a fix for the barrier.

Your turn

1

Find three loaded words or phrases in the mall article.

2

Whose voice is missing from the mall article?

3

Rewrite the mall headline neutrally.

4

In Quiet Hour at the Rink, why does the writer start with Jonah's words?

5

Name three different positions in the Quiet Hour article.

6

What is a filter bubble?

7

An influencer raves about a sneaker, and the post says Paid partnership. What should you consider?

More practice: warm-up

1

What is an implicit perspective?

2

What is loaded language?

3

What should you do before posting a photo of a friend?

4

What does #ad on a post mean?

5

What does sensory-friendly mean in the rink article?

More practice: on your own

1

Why is Gangs of teenagers a generalization?

2

How is the Quiet Hour article fairer than the mall article?

3

Explain how an algorithm could give two classmates very different pictures of the same issue.

4

What is lateral reading?

5

Write a respectful online reply to someone who says Quiet Hour is a waste of ice.

Challenge

1

Write a fair 4 to 5 sentence version of the mall article.

2

The Quiet Hour article ends with "Accessibility isn't a favour. It's part of the job." How does ending with this quote reveal the article's implicit perspective?

3

Explain how a curated feed could reinforce bias about teens like the mall article does, and suggest two actions a reader could take.

Check your understanding

Quiz

1.

Gangs of teens loiter every afternoon. Which word is most loaded?

2.

Which is the best sign that an article may be biased?

3.

Which headline is most neutral?

4.

A platform shows you more of what you already click on. This can create...

5.

In the Quiet Hour article, the staff member's concern is mainly about...

6.

What should you do before posting a video of a classmate?

7.

Why does the Quiet Hour article mention a grandmother, a baby and teens who like calm?

For parents and teachers

What this lesson teaches: Grade 8 students analyze explicit and implicit perspectives, evaluate evidence that could suggest bias, and suggest ways to avoid bias (C3.5). They analyze how texts address diversity, inclusion and accessibility, respond to the messages and identify different positions (C3.6). They communicate respectfully (A1.1), understand digital rights and responsibilities and digital identity (A2.1), manage privacy and permission (A2.2), consider curated information and credibility (A2.3), and interact inclusively online (A2.7).

How to help at home:

  • Read two news stories on the same issue and compare whose voices are quoted.
  • Scroll a feed together and ask: "Why do you think this app showed you this? What's missing?"
  • Talk about family rules for posting photos and asking permission.

Common difficulties:

  • Thinking a text with a perspective is automatically wrong. Every text has a perspective; bias is about unfairness and missing evidence.
  • Only noticing explicit bias. Point out word choice, missing voices and placement (who gets the last word).
  • Assuming feeds are neutral. Explain that algorithms choose what's shown.

About the texts: Both articles were written for this site; the mall rule, the Quiet Hour and all people are invented. Sensory-friendly hours (reduced noise and lighting) are offered by some real stores, theatres and recreation centres. In Canada, advertising standards require influencers to clearly disclose paid partnerships or other material connections with brands.