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B. Global Inequalities: Economic Development and Quality of Life · Global Inequalities: Economic Development and Quality of Life

Global Inequalities: Economic Development and Quality of Life: Unit Review

B1.1 B1.2 B1.3 B1.4 B2.1 B2.2 B2.3 B2.4 B2.5 B2.6 B3.1 B3.2 B3.3 B3.4 B3.5 B3.6 B3.7 B3.8 B3.9About 40 minutes
Learning goals
  • I can use indicators, the HDI, scatter graphs and population pyramids to compare quality of life.
  • I can explain economic systems, economic sectors and factors that affect development.
  • I can describe the distribution of wealth globally and within Canada, and analyse connected factors and case studies.
  • I can assess groups, programs and media that aim to improve quality of life, and carry out a geographic inquiry.

Words to know

indicator
A measurement that gives evidence about development or quality of life.
HDI
Human Development Index: health, education and income combined into a number from 0 to 1.
scatter graph
Points that show whether two variables are related.
population pyramid
Back-to-back bar graphs showing a population by age and sex.
mixed economy
Private businesses plus government services and rules.
Gini coefficient
A measure of income inequality from 0 (equal) to 1 (very unequal).
interrelationship
A connection where factors affect each other.
NGO
A non-profit, non-governmental organization.

Let's review!

In this unit you learned to measure quality of life with indicators and the HDI, compared countries, built scatter graphs and population pyramids, studied economic systems and sectors and the factors of development, mapped the distribution of wealth around the world and within Canada, analysed connected factors and case studies, assessed groups, programs and media, and ran a geographic inquiry.

This review has questions from every lesson. Try each one, then press Show answer. If a part feels tricky, go back to that lesson.

Global inequalitiesand quality of lifeMEASUREindicators, HDIGRAPHscatter graphs, pyramidsEXPLAINsystems, sectors, factorsMAPwealth globally and in CanadaCONNECTfactors and case studiesACT AND INQUIREgroups, programs, media
The big ideas of the unit. Use this map to find the lesson to revisit if a section of the review feels tricky.

Measuring Quality of Life: Indicators of Development

1

What is the difference between standard of living and quality of life?

2

A region has 400 000 people and 4 400 births in a year. What is its birth rate?

3

Give one limitation of GDP per capita.

The Human Development Index and Comparing Countries

1

Name the three dimensions of the HDI.

2

GDP $24 billion, population 4 million. GDP per capita?

3

An HDI of 0.72 is in which group?

Scatter Graphs: Finding Relationships in Development Data

1

Points rise from left to right. What kind of relationship is this?

2

Which variable goes on the x-axis?

3

Why doesn't a strong relationship prove causation?

Population Pyramids: Reading the Shape of a Population

1

Describe an expanding pyramid.

2

0 to 14: 2 000; 15 to 64: 5 000; 65+: 1 000. Dependency ratio?

3

In what year did Canada's census first count more seniors (65+) than children under 15?

Expandingmany childrenStablesimilar at most agesContractingageing population
Quick review of the three pyramid shapes: the oldest people are at the top and the youngest at the bottom; males on the left, females on the right.

Economic Systems and the Four Economic Sectors

1

Who makes most decisions in a market economy?

2

Sort: miner, bus driver, software developer, bakery worker making bread.

3

How do sector shares usually change as a country develops?

What Helps an Economy Develop? Factors of Development

1

Name the four factors of production.

2

Why can being landlocked slow development?

3

Give one political factor that helps development.

Where Is the Wealth? Mapping the Distribution of Wealth

1

What does a darker area on a choropleth map usually show?

2

Which is more unequal: Gini 0.25 or Gini 0.55?

3

Give one example of inequality within a country.

Quality of Life Within Canada, Including First Nations, Métis and Inuit Communities

1

Why does Canada's high HDI hide inequality?

2

Name two historical causes of quality-of-life gaps for First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities.

3

Give one example of Indigenous-led action.

Connected Factors: How Water, Health, Education and Income Affect Each Other

1

Explain one link between unsafe water and education.

2

Name two effects that often follow when girls stay in school longer.

3

What is a cycle of poverty?

Case Studies: How History, Resources, Debt and Conflict Shape Economies

1

How has Norway used its oil wealth?

2

Why has the DRC's mineral wealth not reached most people?

3

What was the HIPC Initiative?

Who Works to Improve Quality of Life? Groups, Programs and Policies

1

What is the focus of the World Food Programme?

2

Name three criteria for assessing a program.

3

Give one example of a highly effective global health program and its evidence.

Can Media Make a Difference? Assessing Media and Global Issues

1

Give one way media can help improve quality of life.

2

Give one problem with some charity ads.

3

What is slacktivism?

Be a Geographer: Investigating a Global Development Issue

1

Improve this question: "Is there poverty in Africa?"

2

Name two reliable data sources.

3

Why choose a format to suit your audience?

Just for fun

Riddle: What do a population pyramid and studying for a unit test have in common?

Both work best when you build from the bottom up.

How to use this review

  • Try each question before opening the answer.
  • Mark the ones you got wrong. Two or more wrong in one section means you should revisit that lesson.
  • For calculations (rates, GDP per capita, dependency ratios), write out each step.
  • For "explain" questions, use because and give evidence (a fact with a source).
Check your understanding

Quiz

1.

Which is a health indicator?

2.

The HDI does NOT directly include…

3.

On a scatter graph of countries, each point represents…

4.

A contracting pyramid shows…

5.

A software developer works in which sector?

6.

Which country shows that being landlocked does not prevent high income?

7.

A Gini coefficient measures…

8.

Which is a long-term cause of quality-of-life gaps for many First Nations communities in Canada?

9.

Botswana's development is often linked to…

10.

Which is the best evidence that a program is effective?

For parents and teachers

Which lesson to revisit:

  • Confuses standard of living and quality of life, or rate calculations → Measuring Quality of Life: Indicators of Development.
  • HDI groups, GDP per capita or comparing countries → The Human Development Index and Comparing Countries.
  • Positive/negative relationships, axes or causation → Scatter Graphs: Finding Relationships in Development Data.
  • Pyramid shapes or dependency ratio → Population Pyramids: Reading the Shape of a Population.
  • Economic systems or sorting jobs into sectors → Economic Systems and the Four Economic Sectors.
  • Factors of production and development → What Helps an Economy Develop? Factors of Development.
  • Maps, Gini coefficient, income vs wealth → Where Is the Wealth? Mapping the Distribution of Wealth.
  • Differences within Canada, or stereotyped language about Indigenous communities → Quality of Life Within Canada, Including First Nations, Métis and Inuit Communities.
  • Listing effects without connections → Connected Factors: How Water, Health, Education and Income Affect Each Other.
  • Case study facts (Norway, Botswana, DRC, Bangladesh, debt, conflict) → Case Studies: How History, Resources, Debt and Conflict Shape Economies.
  • Group focuses or assessing programs → Who Works to Improve Quality of Life? Groups, Programs and Policies.
  • Judging media messages → Can Media Make a Difference? Assessing Media and Global Issues.
  • Inquiry questions, sources and conclusions → Be a Geographer: Investigating a Global Development Issue.

Celebrate progress: this unit asks for real analysis, the kind of thinking used in Grade 9 geography and beyond.